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Radar · Capital and credit · T2 · 2029 · THESIS

A big-three cloud cuts server life to four years

By 2029-12-31 at least one of Alphabet, Microsoft, or Amazon discloses in a Form 10-K or 10-Q that the estimated useful life of servers, or of a separately identified class of AI accelerators, has been reduced to four years or less.

THESISdownindicators mixedregistered 2026-09-08AlphabetMicrosoftAmazon

ClaimBy 2029-12-31 at least one of Alphabet, Microsoft, or Amazon discloses in a Form 10-K or 10-Q that the estimated useful life of servers, or of a separately identified class of AI accelerators, has been reduced to four years or less.
Consensus (implied)15%implied from Amazon FY2025 Form 10-K property and equipment note, via edgar.tools · 2026-02-06
Distance+1.53log-odds · far above consensus
My confidence45%80% CI 3062%
Engine82%+37 pts vs me · stacked-fixed-weights
Falsifies ifAll three companies' fiscal 2029 10-Ks still state a minimum server useful life of five years or more.
HorizonDecember 31, 20291211 days · by end-2029 · milestone ladder

Why it matters

Useful life is the accounting hinge of the whole buildout. At six years, $200 billion of servers costs $33 billion a year in depreciation; at four, $50 billion. A cut to four years by any of the big three would confirm that annual accelerator generations make older fleets uneconomic for inference, and would flow straight into cloud pricing, margins, and the collateral math behind GPU-backed debt.

Probability over time

0%25%50%75%100%09-0709-0709-08deadline

Registered at 45% on September 8, 2026. Engine repriced 2 times; now 82%.

Milestone ladder

Dated rungs. Each is scored on its own; the thesis does not get credit for the ladder until the rungs land.

0%50%100%2027-12-31m150%2028-12-31m250%

filled bar · my probabilityhollow dot · engineamber date · due, awaiting adjudication

m1 · 2027-12-31 · 50% · One of the three discloses AI accelerators or GPUs as a separately depreciated asset class with its own useful life.

m2 · 2028-12-31 · 50% · A second reduction in stated server useful life (any of the three, any subset) appears in a 10-K or 10-Q.

Leading indicators

Registered thresholds. Status is computed from the latest public reading.

Shortest disclosed server useful life, big three cloudsno data

years

56no data yet

on track <= 5 · off >= 6manual

connector returned no usable reading · checked 2026-09-07

Amazon depreciation and amortization (quarterly)between

20B usd

22B17B

on track >= 22B · off < 17Bsec-xbrl

series as of 2026-06-30

What would move me

Would raise my number

  • A hyperscaler taking an impairment or accelerated depreciation charge on a named GPU generation.
  • Auditor critical audit matters citing server useful-life estimates in a 10-K.
  • Secondary market prices for three-year-old accelerators below 20% of original cost.

Would cut it

  • Any of the three lengthening server lives again, as Microsoft did for buildings.
  • Disclosed fleet data showing older accelerators still running at high utilization for inference.
  • A slowdown in accelerator generation cadence to every two years or more.

Council · 29%

6 personas on one model (openai/gpt-5.6-sol); other vendors were unavailable this run, so read this as one model's persona-averaged view.

31%

grid-and-power-planner · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Reference class: disclosed useful-life revisions by these three hyperscalers over roughly the past decade. Lengthenings have dominated; a qualifying shortening to four years or less is rare. Using an approximately 0.03 annual company-level hazard across about 11 remaining 10-K cycles gives a low-0.3 cumulative probability, adjusted for correlated AI-obsolescence pressure. Amazon’s six-to-five-year change makes another step plausible, but not likely. A newly disclosed accelerator class may fail the requirement that a prior filing stated a longer life. Rising aggregate depreciation chiefly reflects the growing asset base and does not identify useful-life policy, so the 0.98 structural prior is not probative.

33%

semiconductor-supply-chain-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Reference class: Big Three useful-life estimate changes over the past decade. Changes occur, but qualifying reversals to four years or less are rarer than extensions. I use an approximately 0.11 annual group-level hazard over the 3.3-year window, compounding to about 0.32. Amazon’s five-year subset is the clearest one-step path, while rapid AI hardware turnover adds some pressure. Offsets are correlated policies, the requirement that a prior filing show a longer life, and exclusion of retirement charges. Rising Amazon D&A is confounded by asset growth and does not support the 0.98 structural prior. The cutoff also excludes 2029 annual reports filed in 2030.

28%

enterprise-cio · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

I use useful-life estimate changes among megacap technology firms as the reference class: qualifying changes are infrequent, and recent hyperscaler revisions have generally lengthened lives. A rough 0.035 annual qualifying hazard per company gives about 0.29 across three firms over 3.3 years before correlation. Amazon’s move from six to five years supports some downward hazard, but reaching four is a larger accounting step. Rapid accelerator obsolescence does not necessarily shorten physical economic life because equipment can be redeployed. A newly disclosed GPU class may also fail the strict prior-longer-life requirement. Rising depreciation is driven by asset growth and is not evidence of a policy change, so the structural prior is not informative.

30%

credit-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

I use a low-single-digit annual issuer hazard for a qualifying depreciation-policy reversal, compounded across three issuers and roughly 3.3 years, with Amazon carrying the highest hazard because one subset is already at five years. The reference class is disclosed useful-life changes by mature hyperscalers: these are infrequent, and recent changes have predominantly lengthened lives. Rising Amazon depreciation is weak evidence because rapid capex and asset-base growth can produce the same pattern. The rule additionally requires an EDGAR filing, a prior longer life, and an upper bound no greater than four; ambiguity and ranges such as Microsoft’s two-to-six years count against resolution. The XBRL structural prior does not model those requirements.

31%

geopolitics-policy-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Using disclosed useful-life revisions at large technology firms as the reference class, I estimate annual qualifying hazards near 0.06 for Amazon and 0.03 for each other company; three-year compounding, adjusted for correlated accounting practice, gives about 0.30. Amazon’s prior six-to-five-year subset reduction raises its hazard, and AI obsolescence creates pressure. Against that, the recent accounting direction is longer lives, reuse for inference can support five-plus years, and auditors require observed retirement evidence. A newly disclosed four-year accelerator class may fail because the rule requires a prior longer life. Rising depreciation mostly reflects capex, not shorter lives. The 0.98 XBRL prior is therefore non-diagnostic.

24%

superforecaster-statistician · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Base rate: I use a 0.025 annual hazard per company for a qualifying useful-life reduction among large cloud filers, reflecting the rarity of such reversals and no indicated move to four years or less since 2020. Across roughly ten company-years, that compounds to about 0.22. Amazon’s prior six-to-five-year reduction and rapid AI hardware turnover modestly raise the estimate. Offsetting this, recent accounting changes have favored longer lives, rising depreciation is mostly an asset-base signal, and resolution requires both an actual policy reversal and timely, explicit EDGAR disclosure. A newly separated accelerator class may also fail the prior-longer-life test under adverse ambiguity.

Engine prior

98% from sec-xbrl-loglinear-bootstrap:li-2. log-linear growth +0.164/yr on the last 16 points, extrapolated from 2026-06-30; P(li-2 satisfies onTrack >= 22000000000.0 at 2029-12-31); proxy for the thesis, not its rule