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Radar · AGI and capabilities · T3 · 2035 · CALL

10,000 humanoids in paid deployment by 2031

By 2031-12-31 an SEC-registered company discloses in a filing or earnings release that at least 10,000 humanoid or general-purpose mobile-manipulator robots are deployed under paid contracts at customers other than the robot maker.

CALLupindicators mixedregistered 2026-09-08TeslaAgility RoboticsToyotaGXOHyundaiFigureAmazonSEC

ClaimBy 2031-12-31 an SEC-registered company discloses in a filing or earnings release that at least 10,000 humanoid or general-purpose mobile-manipulator robots are deployed under paid contracts at customers other than the robot maker.
Consensus (implied)55%implied from Manifold, "2030 - Over one hundred thousand humanoid robots will be deployed in the real world"; Metaculus, "Will Tesla be able to mass produce humanoid robots by the end of 2027?" · 2026-09-07
Distance-1.05log-odds · clearly below consensus
My confidence30%80% CI 1845%
Engine15%-15 pts vs me · stacked-fixed-weights
Falsifies ifOn 2028-12-31 no SEC registrant has disclosed 1,000 or more humanoid or mobile-manipulator robots deployed at paying third-party customers; the thesis is then withdrawn as falsified regardless of the 2031 horizon.
HorizonDecember 31, 20311941 days · 2030–2035 · falsifier tracked

Why it matters

A 10,000-unit paid fleet is the smallest number at which physical-task automation stops being a pilot and starts showing up in warehouse and plant headcount. It is the top rung of the ladder and the one furthest from today's evidence. Reading it from filings rather than demo videos keeps the question honest.

Probability over time

0%25%50%75%100%09-0709-0709-08deadline

Registered at 30% on September 8, 2026. Engine repriced 2 times; now 15%.

Milestone ladder

Dated rungs. Each is scored on its own; the thesis does not get credit for the ladder until the rungs land.

0%50%100%2027-12-31m135%2028-12-31m245%2030-12-31m335%2031-12-31m430%

filled bar · my probabilityhollow dot · engineamber date · due, awaiting adjudication

m1 · 2027-12-31 · 35% · Tesla is judged to have mass-produced 1,000 Optimus units (Metaculus 19879 resolves yes).

m2 · 2028-12-31 · 45% · An SEC registrant discloses at least 1,000 humanoid or mobile-manipulator robots deployed at paying third-party customers.

m3 · 2030-12-31 · 35% · An SEC registrant discloses at least 5,000 such robots deployed at paying third-party customers.

m4 · 2031-12-31 · 30% · An SEC registrant discloses at least 10,000 such robots deployed at paying third-party customers.

Leading indicators

Registered thresholds. Status is computed from the latest public reading.

Largest disclosed third-party humanoid fleet (SEC filings)no data

robots

500100no data yet

on track >= 500 · off < 100manual

connector returned no usable reading · checked 2026-09-07

Metaculus community, Tesla 1,000 humanoids by end-2027no data

probability

0.60.25no data yet

on track >= 0.6 · off < 0.25metaculus

connector returned no usable reading · checked 2026-09-07

BLS employment, warehousing and storagebetween

1,837 thousands of employees

1,8001,950

on track < 1,800 · off >= 1,950bls

series as of 2026-08-31

What would move me

Would raise my number

  • Tesla, Hyundai, or Figure disclose a paid third-party fleet above 1,000 units in 2027.
  • A logistics or automotive customer discloses robot fleet size in its own filings.
  • Unit costs disclosed below $50,000 with multi-year service contracts.

Would cut it

  • Humanoid deployments remain internal to the makers' own factories through 2028.
  • A public safety incident triggers OSHA restrictions on humanoids in shared workspaces.
  • Makers report fleets in "units produced" only, with no paid-deployment disclosure.

Council · 14%

6 personas on one model (openai/gpt-5.6-sol); other vendors were unavailable this run, so read this as one model's persona-averaged view.

11%

grid-and-power-planner · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Using the reference class of newly commercialized warehouse and industrial-automation platforms, scaling from pilot fleets to 10,000 customer-deployed units within five years is uncommon. The binding hurdle is conjunctive: an SEC registrant must disclose 1,000 paid third-party deployments by 2028 or the thesis is falsified, then reach 10,000 by 2031, with qualifying wording in an enumerated filing. The supplied baseline remains only tens of units, while production targets and internal deployments do not qualify. The BLS series is not probative. My estimate is therefore well below the forecaster’s 0.30 and broad-market forecasts that use looser definitions of deployment.

16%

semiconductor-supply-chain-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

Using the reference class of novel industrial-automation platforms scaling from customer pilots to five-digit paid fleets, I estimate a 0.30 chance that an SEC registrant explicitly discloses 1,000 qualifying third-party deployments by the binding 2028 falsifier. Conditional on that unusually rapid step, I assign about 0.53 to reaching and disclosing 10,000 by 2031, yielding 0.16 jointly. Production targets are weak evidence because internal deployments, affiliates, shipments, carts, and non-SEC manufacturers do not qualify. The baseline is only tens of units, while the BLS series is not a direct adoption indicator. Strict wording and disclosure risk put this below the forecaster’s 0.30.

14%

enterprise-cio · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

The controlling constraint is the mandatory 2028 gate, not 2031 manufacturing capacity. Using enterprise industrial-robot rollouts as the reference class, I assign about 0.28 to any SEC registrant moving from today’s tens of paid third-party units to a filing-confirmed 1,000 by end-2028. Pilots, safety validation, procurement, and site integration usually consume several annual cycles. Conditional on clearing that gate, I assign about 0.50 to a tenfold paid-customer ramp and qualifying disclosure by 2031; compounding gives 0.14. Announced capacity, production, internal deployment, shipments, and Chinese deployments do not satisfy the rule. This is below 0.30 because exact SEC disclosure and third-party payment are additional conjunctive requirements.

14%

credit-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

I use the reference class of complex industrial hardware moving from pilot fleets to at least 10,000 paid customer deployments within roughly five years. The binding condition is conjunctive: an SEC registrant must disclose at least 1,000 qualifying external paid deployments by 2028, then reach 10,000 by 2031. From a baseline in the tens, I estimate 0.25 for the 2028 gate and 0.55 for reaching and explicitly disclosing 10,000 conditional on clearing it, yielding about 0.14. Announced production capacity and maker-affiliate deployments do not qualify. The BLS series is weakly relevant. The forecaster’s 0.30 underweights the early falsifier and disclosure specificity.

15%

geopolitics-policy-analyst · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

The binding hurdle is the falsifier: a qualifying SEC disclosure must jump from tens to 1,000 paid third-party deployments by end-2028, not merely production or internal use. Using first-generation industrial-automation fleet ramps as the reference class, I assign 0.25 to that milestone—roughly a 0.12 annual hazard. Conditional on clearing it, I assign 0.60 to a tenfold expansion with qualifying disclosure by 2031, yielding 0.15. Multiple vendors help, but internal fleets, non-SEC manufacturers, pilots, shipments, and vague deployment claims do not qualify. The stated 0.30 appears to overweight broader deployment forecasts that lack the paid-customer, SEC-disclosure, and 2028-knockout conjunction.

16%

superforecaster-statistician · openai/gpt-5.6-sol

I use a 0.15 base rate for pre-scale complex-robot platforms progressing from tens to 10,000 paid third-party deployments, with qualifying public-company disclosure, within roughly five years. Announced factory capacity modestly raises the technology-side outlook, but production is not deployment. The claim also requires a qualifying SEC registrant, paying unaffiliated customers, explicit deployed-unit language, and timely filing disclosure. Most highlighted pathways involve excluded internal deployments or uncertain disclosure. The mandatory 1,000-unit disclosure by 2028 is an especially difficult conjunctive gate. The BLS series is not informative here, and no relevant live fleet indicator or calibration table was supplied. Ambiguity and vendor-promise risk keep me near the base rate.

Engine prior

17% from drift-gbm-terminal:li-3. P(indicator li-3 satisfies onTrack < 1800.0 at 2031-12-31); drift +0.000527/yr, vol 0.0105/sqrt(yr) from 32 points; proxy for the thesis, not its rule